Forests play a crucial role for the global environment, population and economy. Apart from minimising the effects of climate change and natural disasters, they represent some of the richest biological areas on this planet. They provide food, renewable raw materials for many of our products, and livelihoods for millions of people.
The over-exploitation of timber products can eventually lead to environmental and socio-economic problems. Deforestation and forest degradation are the second leading contributing factor for carbon pollution. It causes 20% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Apart from that over utilisation of forest produces an eventually lead to less wood to cook meals and fewer raw materials for small-scale entrepreneurs and artisans to use for generating income. Finding a balance between income generation and destruction is the call of the hour.
The above concern has given rise to sustainable forest management practices and forest certifications.
Forest certification was introduced in the early 1990s to address concerns of deforestation and forest degradation and to promote the maintenance of biological diversity, especially in the tropics. Mostly pushed by environmental groups in initial days, it quickly evolved as a potential instrument to promote sustainable forest management (SFM).
The aim of forest certification is to promote SFM with the help of criteria and indicators (C&I) for SFM. C&I sets are mainly developed at an inter-national level abiding national and reginal regulations.
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